
Set of preventive measures prevent from many diseases. Many ailments can be prevented by vaccination. The main thing in this case is to remember where and when vaccination to be done. You will learn about the periods of vaccination, possible side effects and risks arising from the refusal from vaccination.
First of all, you should know that all required vaccinations are dedicated to the specific population groups (described below) are provided free of charge at the expense of local and national budgets.
Vaccinations against infectious and parasitic diseases are subject to the following groups of population:
- persons of the age according to the terms of preventive vaccination schedule(according to the calendar of vaccinations);
- population residing and working at the natural focus of infectious diseases (vernal encephalitis, anthrax, rabbit disease, plague);
- persons referring to the high-rate risks by their professional activity:
- -medical workers;
- VH B, flue;
- workers of sewage and treatment works (typhoid fever);
- persons relating to the high-risks groups by the state of health:
- after blood transfusion (VH B)
- children listed at the dispensary (flue);
- medical workers children from orphanages, children houses, home for elderly (flue);
- persons bitted, spited by any animal (hydrophobia);
- persons injured with fractures (tetanus);
- persons residing at the regions with the high level of infections, who are vaccinated by the epidemiologic indications (VHA, flue, measles, roetheln,Contagious parotitis).
Children’s immunization
Despite the fact that vaccination is necessary upon occurrence of a particular age, the terms vaccination for infants physician determines on the basis of the characteristics of the immune system of the baby. It is important to determine when the child's body can “recover inoculative disease” in an easy manner and to develop protective antibodies substance. If you introduce your child to a vaccine before the appointed time, the immune system cannot “respond”, and there is a risk that during this time the kid gets sick.
Vaccines to immunize children can be of domestic and foreign production, most importantly, they must be registered and have a certificate from the National Center of Expertise of drugs, medical devices and medical equipment.
It is better to be vaccinated at specialized medical institutions, because some vaccines require storage rules.
Side effects and complications are different for various vaccines. Quite often there are reactions such as mild fever, soreness at the injection site. It is desirable that after vaccination the child remains under observation for at least 30 minutes to get medical help quickly if it appears, for example, allergic reaction. Do not worry if after the introduction of the vaccine against whooping appear cough, diphtheria and tetanus, rise of temperature. This means that the drug acts.
If the kid missed the deadline of vaccination, “catching up" of his peers will be by the general rules. For example, those who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis “B”, it is made under the scheme: the first procedure, the second in a month, and after 5 months - the third.
Immunization calendar for children
Infectious diseases, against which vaccinations are carried out at the expense of the republican budget
Age and contingent of vaccinated
|
Tuberculosis
|
Viral hepatitis B |
Poliomyelitis
|
Pertussis, diphtheria,
tetanus
|
Haemophilus infection
type b
|
Pneumococcal infection |
Diphtheria, tetanus
|
1
|
2
|
3 |
4
|
5
|
6
|
7 |
8
|
1) by age
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1-4 days
|
+
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
2 months
|
|
+ |
+
|
+
|
+
|
+ |
|
3 months
|
|
|
+
|
+ |
+
|
|
|
4 months
|
|
+ |
+
|
+
|
+
|
+ |
|
12-15 months
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ |
|
18 months
|
|
|
+
|
+ |
+
|
|
|
6 years (1 class)
|
+
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
16 years and every 10 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
2) a population living and working in natural foci of infectious diseases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3) persons
belonging to
risk groups by
type of their
professional
activity,
including:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
medical workers
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
sewage and treatment facilities workers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4) persons who are in risk groups for their health, including:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
received a
blood transfusion
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
5) persons who have been bitten or mocked by any animal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6) persons injured with a violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
7) for epidemiological reasons
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
table continuation
Age and contingent of vaccinated |
Measles,
rubella,
parotitis
|
Rabies
|
Typhoid fever |
Spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis
|
Plague
|
Coronavirus infection
|
1 |
9
|
10
|
11 |
12
|
13
|
14
|
1) by age
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1-4 days
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12-15 months |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
18 months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 years (1 class) |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
16 years and
every 10 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2) a population
living and
working in
natural foci of
infectious
diseases
|
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
|
3) persons
belonging to
risk groups by
type of their
professional
activity,
including:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
medical workers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sewage and treatment facilities workers
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
4) persons who are in risk groups for their health, including:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5) persons who have been bitten or mocked by any animal
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
6) persons injured with a violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7) for epidemiological reasons
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
+ |
Infectious diseases, against which vaccinations are carried out at the expense of local budgets
Age and contingent of vaccinated
|
Viral
hepatitis A
|
Flu
|
Anthrax
|
Tularemia
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
1) by age
|
|
|
|
|
2 years
|
+
|
|
|
|
2) population living and working in natural foci of infectious diseases
|
|
|
+
|
+
|
3) persons belonging to risk groups by type of their professional activity, including:
|
|
|
|
|
medical workers
|
|
+
|
|
|
3) persons belonging to risk groups for health reasons, including:
|
|
|
|
|
children who are under regular medical check-up in a medical organization
|
|
+
|
|
|
5) children of orphanages, children's homes, a contingent of nursing homes
|
|
+
|
|
|
6) for epidemiological reasons
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
Vaccinations are made with the consent of the parents or those who replace them. Information about all vaccinations received must be recorded in his outpatient card or inoculation passport. Subsequently, an outpatient card or vaccination passport is presented when the child is recruited into a kindergarten or school. Each educational institution has its own rules for admission: somewhere the availability of an inoculation passport is a mandatory requirement, while in others it is not necessary. But in some cases, the absence of an outpatient card and marks on receiving vaccinations is the reason for refusing to admit your child to school or kindergarten.
All preventive vaccinations conducted are subject to registration by a medical professional and must contain the following information: the date of drug administration, the name of the drug, the serial number, the dose, the control number, the expiration date, the nature of the reaction to the administration of the drug, the producing country. In addition to outpatient cards or vaccination passports, immunization data can be contained in the following documents:
- for children - prophylactic immunization chart (form 063/y), infant's record (form 112/y), certificate of child health examination (form 026/y), a tabular sheet on a teenager to the outpatient medical record (form 025-1/y), register of preventive vaccinations for newborns (maternity hospital) - form 064-1/y, Log of Vaccine Movement - form 064-2/y, hospital neonatal record (form 097/y);
- for adults - outpatient medical record (form 025/y), register of preventive vaccinations (form 064/y).
Adults immunization
We already know that most of the injections must be received in childhood. If for some reason you have not been vaccinated before the age of 16, nothing limits you to do it now. Most often recommended vaccinations for adults against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A and B, diphtheria, tetanus. Vaccines against these diseases should be taken at regular intervals. Preparation of certain vaccines may by one day with others. If you think about the vaccination, you should follow the recommended immunization calendar for adults.
Also worth noting is that travelers and people who, because of certain circumstances contact with pets should make other vaccinations. Which injections exactly you should get additionally decides a physician.
In conclusion, we note the importance of procedures with following statistics: according to the World Health Organization's data immunization against polio, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles and mumps (mumps) annually saves the life and health of 3 million children in the world. According to forecasts new vaccines to be developed in the next 5-10 years and it will be possible to prevent further loss of 8 million children a year.