Most people view the fire as something that will never happen to them, at least through their own fault. But the reason for more than half of all fires is the human factor - carelessness and negligence in dealing with fire. Therefore, everyone should know the basic rules of fire safety.
First of all, when entering any unfamiliar building, try to remember your path, pay attention to the location of the main and emergency exits. If you have heard the shouting "Fire!", or smell smoke, or see a flame, call the fire department. Try to remain calm, calm down the people around you.
Assess the situation, make sure there is a real danger, find out where it comes from, then calmly, without panic, start moving in the opposite direction, heading for the exit. Moving in the crowd, allow elderly people pass forward, stop the panic-strikers. Help those who are constrained by fear and can not move, talk to them calmly and distinctly.
Once inside the crowd, bend your arms in the elbows and press them to the sides, clenched fists. Tilt the body back with your legs held forward and try to restrain the pressure with your back, freeing up space in front, and move slowly. Don't go in where there's a lot of smoke! In modern buildings there is a lot of plastic, synthetic materials, which, when burned, release toxic substances. It is enough to take a few breaths - and you can die from poisoning. When filling rooms, corridors with smoke, go to the side of an unfurnished staircase or to the exit, but not to the elevator. It is strictly forbidden to use the elevator during a fire. Hold on to walls, handrails, breathe through a handkerchief or clothes. If the concentration of smoke increases, then duck or move crawling. If you feel a fever, then you are approaching the danger zone. It is best to turn back in this situation.
If the fire happened at school
When announcing a fire alarm, students stand at their desks and, at the instruction of the teacher, leave the classroom one at a time. The last evacuated under the supervision of the teacher tightly closes the door of the office. The pupils of each class go in their line evenly, without fussing. The teacher with the class journal follows the last for his students. When following the corridors and staircases, you can not run, overtaking each other.
The place of collection must be agreed in advance and known to all. As a rule, it is located near the school.
At the assembly point, classes occupy their assigned places, teachers conduct a roll call of students. Then the teacher should immediately inform the director of the educational institution of the number of students in the class.
To search for stragglers, the staff starts without delay, checking the places where the students could hide, but not approaching the epicenter of the fire.
Upon the arrival of firefighters, the director or his deputies inform them of the affected people and their possible locations.
Actions in case of fire in an apartment located below your floor
If you smell the smoke in your apartment, first determine its source. If the apartment is in order, go to the stairwell and look around. Be sure to cover the door, otherwise the smoke will get into the apartment. If the fire is below your floor, do not go down the stairs. Use the elevator during a fire is prohibited, because it can disconnect at any time, and you will be trapped. Return to the apartment and immediately call, dialing 101 or 112. Clearly and without panic, tell the cause of the call of firefighters, your address, phone number, as well as convenient options for access to your house. Next, you should take care of your safety. Your main task is to prevent smoke from entering the apartment. Take rags, rip it and wet it with water. Buckle with wet rags between the door and the doorpost. Do not leave empty space. Firefighters arrive quickly, but it is difficult to get to the apartment. Do not lose self-control. If your door heats up, water it. Cover all the exhaust and ventilation openings in the apartment. Breathe through a wet rag, this will prevent smoke from entering the lungs. In case of penetration of smoke into the apartment, immediately exit to the balcony. Close the door firmly behind you and wait for rescuers to arrive. Help will come.
Actions in case of fire in your apartment
In most cases, when the ignition is detected at the very initial stage, it can be liquidated with literally one glass of water or covered with a wet cloth, blanket, or any other dense non-synthetic material. But when the flame has already spread and the intervention of professional rescuers is needed, do not risk your life and the lives of neighbors, call rescuers on phone numbers 101 or 112 as soon as possible. Also keep in mind that if you only rely on yourself, then in those 10-15 minutes, while you are rushing about the apartment or the entrance, the firefighters would have already managed to arrive, start to eliminate the fire and save people and property. If the dispatcher asks to specify the number of the house, the entrance, on which floor is the fire, how many floors in the building, where it is more convenient to drive up, whether there is danger to people and so on, answer clearly and calmly. Be aware that as long as you report a fire, the rescue units are already alerted and follow the call. All necessary information will be given to rescuers by radio. And even if by the arrival of the rescuers you can manage yourself or with someone's help to eliminate the fire, the call of firefighters will not be considered false.
Actions in a smoky environment
In a burning room, in any case do not open the windows in order to get fresh air. Draft, and with it an additional oxygen will dramatically increase the combustion, and hence the smoke. Statistics show that people are killed in a fire, mostly not from a flame, but from smoke. This is one of the most important damaging factors. Its main feature is the rapid spread and deceptive absence of a real threat. It is necessary to know that the presence of toxic combustion products in the smoke causes a sharp oxygen starvation, inability to reason, dizziness, stopping breathing and, as a consequence, death. Lowering in the air oxygen only by 3% leads to a violation of the motor functions of the body. Only 3 - 4 breaths in a smoke-filled room can be the last for you. Therefore, when extinguishing the fire in all ways, protect yourself from the smoke. The smoke is lighter than air. At first it rises, and then it goes down. The room in a fire is filled with smoke from the top down and even with a strong smoke, an air layer of 10-20 cm remains at the very floor. In case of loose smoke and sufficient visibility, you should try to leave the premises. Bend as low as possible and move along the wall towards the exit, the location of which must be clearly represented. Do not lose self-control. Act calmly and wisely!
Actions in case of fire in crowded areas
Enter any unfamiliar building, try to remember your path. Pay attention to the location of the main and emergency exits. Make it your habit.
If you heard the screams "Fire! We are burning! ", or smell the smoke, saw the flame, try to remain calm and enduring. Assess the situation, make sure there is a real danger, find out where it comes from. Quietly, do not panic, leave the premises in the safest way.
Do not go where the concentration of smoke is high.
Do not attempt to escape on higher floors or in remote areas.
Fire on objects with a massive stay of people, often accompanied by a power outage. Many people panic in the dark, it leads to a crush. Know that in the event of a fire, it is darker than you think! Only at the very beginning of a fire, the flame can brightly illuminate the room, but, practically, a thick black smoke appears immediately and darkness sets in.
If, nevertheless, the situation develops in such a way that, because of the increased concentration of smoke and extreme heat, you can not leave the building, wait for the help of firefighters.
Actions in case of fire in the office, in the workplace
If an ignition is detected, call 101 or 112 immediately.
It is necessary to notify all colleagues around you about the fire.
Try using the basic primary means of extinguishing, put out the fire. The main primary means of fire extinguishing are fire extinguishers and fire shields.
Instructions for using a fire extinguisher: tear off the seal, pull out the check, direct the socket to the place of ignition and press the lever. When extinguishing, keep the socket at a safe distance.
In each production building there is a fire point with a set of fire extinguishing equipment. It is necessary to know the location of the fire shield and the meaning of each item of inventory. If you see that you can not put out the fire, then leave the danger zone. Upon the arrival of firefighters, explain what is burning and where.
Fire is merciless, but people prepared for this disaster, who have even elementary firefighting tools at their disposal, are victorious in the fight against fire. Correct actions during a fire will save your life!
First aid for burns
The life of the victim, especially if the burn is heavy, depends on the quickly and correctly taken measures. Therefore, before the arrival of the "First Aid" immediately begin to provide first aid.
There are four degrees of burn:
1- redness of the skin, swelling;
2 - the appearance of bubbles;
3 - in the place of the burn a scab is formed;
4 - carbonization of tissue.
For burns of 1 and 2 degrees - the affected surface should be cooled with running water for 10 to 15 minutes, and then covered with a clean cloth.
With burns of 3 and 4 degrees, it is necessary to cover the burned part with a clean moist dressing.
The longer the first-aid measures are not taken, the more serious will be the trauma of a person.
Remember! You can not touch anything that stuck to the burn. It is also forbidden to lubricate burns with creams, lotions, pierce formed blisters.
The victim must be seated on a chair or put on a sofa, floor, help him to take a comfortable position. Urgently call an ambulance.
If necessary, you need to remove from the victim from the affected areas all unnecessary items (rings, watches, shoes, etc.)
You can remove burnt clothing only if they are not attached to the body.
After waiting for the arrival of an ambulance, try to give the patient pain relief drugs, if of course they are available.
IN CASE OF FIRE, CALL 101 OR 112.
